In the game, players roll two six-sided dice to move around the game board, buying and trading properties, and developing them with houses and hotels.

Players collect rent from their opponents, with the goal being to drive them into bankruptcy. Money can also be gained or lost through Chance and Community Chest cards, and tax squares; players can end up in jail, which they cannot move from until they have met one of several conditions.

The game has numerous house rules , and hundreds of different editions exist, as well as many spin-offs and related media.

Monopoly has become a part of international popular culture, having been licensed locally in more than countries and printed in more than 37 languages.

Monopoly is derived from The Landlord's Game created by Lizzie Magie in the United States in as a way to demonstrate that an economy which rewards wealth creation is better than one where monopolists work under few constraints, [1] and to promote the economic theories of Henry George —in particular his ideas about taxation.

When Monopoly was first published by Parker Brothers in , it did not include the less capitalistic taxation rule, which resulted in a more competitive game.

Parker Brothers was eventually absorbed into Hasbro in The game is named after the economic concept of monopoly —the domination of a market by a single entity.

The history of Monopoly can be traced back to , [1] when American anti-monopolist Lizzie Magie created a game which she hoped would explain the single tax theory of Henry George.

It was intended as an educational tool to illustrate the negative aspects of concentrating land in private monopolies. She took out a patent in Her game, The Landlord's Game , was self-published, beginning in Magie created two sets of rules: an anti-monopolist set in which all were rewarded when wealth was created, and a monopolist set in which the goal was to create monopolies and crush opponents.

Several variant board games, based on her concept, were developed from through the s; they involved both the process of buying land for its development and the sale of any undeveloped property.

Cardboard houses were added and rents increased as they were added to a property. Magie patented the game again in According to an advertisement placed in The Christian Science Monitor , Charles Todd of Philadelphia recalled the day in when his childhood friend, Esther Jones, and her husband Charles Darrow came to their house for dinner.

After the meal, the Todds introduced Darrow to The Landlord's Game , which they then played several times. The game was entirely new to Darrow, and he asked the Todds for a written set of the rules.

After that night, Darrow went on to utilize this and distribute the game himself as Monopoly. Parker Brothers bought the game's copyrights from Darrow.

Parker Brothers began marketing the game on November 5, Alexander contributed the design. In , Parker Brothers began licensing the game for sale outside the United States.

They were distributed to prisoners by fake charity organizations created by the British Secret Service. In the Nazi-occupied Netherlands, the German government and its collaborators were displeased with Dutch people using Monopoly Game sets with American or British locales, and developed a version with Dutch locations.

Since that version had in itself no specific pro-Nazi elements, it continued in use after the war, and formed the base for Monopoly games used in the Netherlands up to the present.

Economics professor Ralph Anspach published Anti-Monopoly in , and was sued for trademark infringement by Parker Brothers in The case went to trial in Anspach won on appeals in , as the 9th Circuit Court determined that the trademark Monopoly was generic and therefore unenforceable.

This decision was overturned by the passage of Public Law 98— in However, Anti-Monopoly was exempted from the law and Anspach later reached a settlement with Hasbro and markets his game under license from them.

The research that Anspach conducted during the course of the litigation was what helped bring the game's history before Charles Darrow into the spotlight.

In , Hasbro acquired Parker Bros. Hasbro moved to create and license many other versions of Monopoly and sought public input in varying the game.

National Championship. In , the Speed Die was added to all regular Monopoly set. M has the five-star, room hotel, then under construction, located at the M Bukit Bintang in Kuala Lumpur and would have a s Gatsby feel.

M's Sirocco Group would manage the hotel when it opens in There have since been some changes to the board. Monopoly character then known as "Rich Uncle Pennybags" were added in that same time-frame.

Traditionally, the Community Chest cards were yellow although they were sometimes printed on blue stock with no decoration or text on the back; the Chance cards were orange with no text or decoration on the back.

Hasbro commissioned a major graphic redesign to the U. Standard Edition of the game in along with some minor revisions.

Among the changes: the colors of Mediterranean and Baltic Avenues changed from purple to brown, and the colors of the GO square changed from red to black.

All the Chance and Community Chest cards received a graphic upgrade in as part of the graphic refresh of the game. Monopoly's classic line illustration was also now usually replaced by renderings of a 3D Mr.

Monopoly model. The backs of the cards have their respective symbols, with Community Chest cards in blue, and Chance cards in orange.

In the U. Charles Place no longer exists, as the Showboat Atlantic City was developed where it once ran. Marvin Gardens, the farthest yellow property, is a misspelling of its actual name, Marven Gardens.

It was passed on when their homemade Monopoly board was copied by Darrow and then by Parker Brothers. A booklet included with the reprinted edition states that the four railroads that served Atlantic City in the mids were the Jersey Central , the Seashore Lines , the Reading Railroad , and the Pennsylvania Railroad.

There is a tunnel in Philadelphia where track to the south was B. The Central of N. In the s, John Waddington Ltd.

Waddingtons was a printing company in Leeds that had begun to branch out into packaging and the production of playing cards. In a similar fashion, Parker Brothers sent over a copy of Monopoly to Waddingtons early in before the game had been put into production in the United States.

Victor Watson, the managing director of Waddingtons, gave the game to his son Norman, head of the card games division, to test over the weekend.

Watson felt that for the game to be a success in the United Kingdom, the American locations would have to be replaced, so Victor and his secretary, Marjory Phillips, went to London to scout out locations.

It had been a coaching inn that stood on the Great North Road. By the s, the inn had become a J. Lyons and Co.

Some accounts say that Marjory and Victor met at the Angel to discuss the selection and celebrated the fact by including it on the Monopoly board.

In , a plaque commemorating the naming was unveiled at the site by Victor Watson's grandson, who is also named Victor. During World War II, the British Secret Service contacted Waddington who could also print on silk to make Monopoly sets that included escape maps, money, a compass and file, all hidden in copies of the game sent by fake POW relief charities to prisoners of war.

The standard British board, produced by Waddingtons, was for many years the version most familiar to people in countries in the Commonwealth except Canada, where the U.

In , Winning Moves procured the Monopoly license from Hasbro and created new UK city and regional editions [49] with sponsored squares.

Initially, in December , the game was sold in just a few W H Smith stores, but demand was high, with almost fifty thousand games shipped in the four weeks leading to Christmas.

Winning Moves still produces new city and regional editions annually. The original income tax choice from the s U. In , the U. Beginning in the U.

The success of the first Here and Now editions prompted Hasbro U. Game play is further changed with bus tickets allowing non-dice-roll movement along one side of the board , a speed die itself adopted into variants of the Atlantic City standard edition ; see below , skyscrapers after houses and hotels , and train depots that can be placed on the Railroad spaces.

This edition was adapted for the U. In September , the U. This edition features top landmarks across the U.

Monetary values are multiplied by 10, e. The board uses the traditional U. However, a similar edition of Monopoly , the Electronic Banking edition, does feature an electronic banking unit and bank cards, as well as a different set of tokens.

No other state is represented by more than one city not including the airports. One landmark, Texas Stadium , has been demolished and no longer exists.

Another landmark, Jacobs Field, still exists, but was renamed Progressive Field in In , in honor of the game's 80th birthday, Hasbro held an online vote to determine which cities would make it into an updated version of Here and Now.

This second edition is more a spin-off as the winning condition has changed to completing a passport instead of bankrupting opponents. Community Chest is replaced with Here and Now cards, while the Here and Now space replaced the railroads.

Houses and hotels have been removed. Hasbro released a World edition with the top voted cities from all around the world, as well as at least a Here and Now edition with the voted-on U.

Monopoly Empire has uniquely branded tokens and places based on popular brands. Instead of buying properties, players buy popular brands one by one and slide their billboards onto their Empire towers.

Instead of building houses and hotels, players collect rent from their rivals based on their tower height. The first player to fill their tower with billboards wins.

This version of Monopoly contains an extra eight "golden" tokens. That includes a penguin, a television, a race car, a Mr.

Monopoly emoji, a rubber duck, a watch, a wheel and a bunny slipper. During the game, players travel around the gameboard buying properties and collecting rent.

If they land on a Chance space, or roll the Chance icon on a die, they can spin the Chance spinner to try to make more money. Players may hit the "Jackpot", go bankrupt, or be sent to Jail.

The player who has the most cash when the bank crashes wins. In this version, there is no cash. The Monopoly Ultimate Banking game features an electronic ultimate banking piece with touch technology.

Players can buy properties instantly and set rents by tapping. Each player has a bankcard and their cash is tracked by the Ultimate Banking unit.

It can scan the game's property cards and boost or crash the market. Event cards and Location spaces replace Chance and Community Chest cards. On an Event Space, rents may be raised or lowered, a player may earn or lose money, or someone could be sent to Jail.

Location Spaces allow players to pay and move to any property space on the gameboard. In this version, there are no cash or cards.

Voice Banking allows the player to respond by voice to the Top Hat. The hat responds by purchasing properties, paying rent, and making buildings.

Monopoly is a version of the game released in , in which female players earn more than male players. Monopoly Deal is a card game derived from the board-game Monopoly introduced in , produced and sold by Cartamundi under a license from Hasbro.

Players attempt to collect three complete sets of cards representing the properties from the original board game, either by playing them directly, stealing them from other players, swapping cards with other players, or collecting them as rent for other properties they already own.

Wer das meiste besitzt, gewinnt. Beginn des Spieles Wer die meisten Augen wirft, fängt an. Gehalt Jedesmal, wenn ein Spieler mit seiner Figur das Feld "Los" erreicht oder passiert, zahlt ihm der Bankhalter das Gehalt von DM ,- aus; dies gilt nur, wenn er sich in Pfeilrichtung bewegt.

Ankunft auf unverkauftem Feld Wenn ein Spieler auf ein Feld kommt, auf das noch kein anderer Spieler einen Besitzanspruch hat, hat er die Wahl , ob er dieses Grundstück von der Bank zum aufgedruckten Preis kaufen will oder nicht.

Ankunft auf verkauftem Feld Wenn ein Spieler auf ein verkauftes Grundstück kommt, zieht der Eigentümer Miete von ihm ein; die Mietsumme ist auf der betreffenden Besitzrechtskarte aufgedruckt.

Vorteile für die Besitzer von Grundstücken Es ist ein Vorteil, Besitzrechtskarten für alle Grundstücke einer gesamten Farbengruppe zu haben, z.

Siehe Besitzrechtskarten Häuser und Hotels können nur auf Grundstücken einer Farbengruppe gebaut werden, die sich vollständig im Besitz des Spielers befindet.

Ereignis- oder Gemeinschaftsfeld Wenn ein Spieler auf das Ereignis- oder Gemeinschaftsfeld kommt, nimmt er die oberste Karte von dem angegebenen Stapel und befolgt die darauf gedruckten Anweisungen.

Steuerfeld Kommt man auf das Steuerfeld , zahlt man an die Bank. Bankhalter Man wähle als Bankhalter einen Spieler, der ein guter Auktionator ist. Gefängnis A.

Ein Spieler kommt in das Gefängnis wenn seine Figur auf das Feld mit der Bezeichnung: "Geh in das Gefängnis" kommt, wenn er die Karte zieht: "Geh in das Gefängnis" , wenn er dreimal hintereinander einen Pasch wirft.

Ein Spieler kommt aus dem Gefängnis: Durch den dritten Wurf, nachdem er in das Gefängnis gekommen ist. Unmittelbar nach dem 3. Beim Werfen eines Paschs ; er darf sofort um so viele Felder weiterziehen, wie er bei seinem Pasch Augen geworfen hat.

Durch Verwendung einer Karte "Du kommst aus dem Gefängnis frei". Diese Karte kann er aus dem Ereignis- oder Gemeinschaftsfach erhalten oder von einem anderen Spieler zu einem frei vereinbarten Preis gekauft habe.

Ein Spieler kann Besitz kaufen und verkaufen, Häuser bauen sowie Mieten einziehen, selbst wenn er sich im Gefängnis befindet. Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub.

Quick Links. Property Trading Game from Parker Brothers". Choose to play by. Speed Die to get into the action faster. If you've never played the classic.

If you already know how to play and want to use the Speed Die, just. The game moves fast and you'll need. Wie Sie an den Regeln sicher schon gemerkt haben, geht es bei Monopoly darum, möglichst viel Besitz anzuhäufen und somit die Einnahmen zu erhöhen.

Wer zuerst kein Geld mehr hat, scheidet aus. Wer bis zuletzt übrig bleibt, hat das Spiel gewonnen. Die Strategie sollte sich also darauf ausrichten, was am profitabelsten ist.

Verwandte Themen. Spielanleitung Monopoly: Spielregeln und Tipps einfach erklärt Monopoly: Spielanleitung und Tipps Inzwischen gibt es zahlreiche Varianten des beliebten Brettspiels.

Jeder hat somit 1. Ein Spieler muss sich bereit erklären, die Bank zu leiten. Kein weiteres Gebäude ist erlaubt.

Hilfe, ich bin bankrott! Der neue Besitzer muss sofort die Hypotheken auflösen oder aufrecht erhalten, indem er zehn Prozent Zinsen des Hypothekenwertes an die Bank zahlt.

Diese Grundstücke werden sofort unter den übrigen Mitspielern einzeln versteigert. Die übrigen Spieler machen so lange weiter, bis nur noch einer am Tisch übrig bleibt: Dieser Spieler ist der Gewinner.

Besonders zu beachten Versteigern Sie Grundstücke sofort , wenn Spieler zwar darauf landen, diese aber nicht kaufen möchten. Leihen sie sich untereinander kein Geld.

Auch Verabredungen für Mietaufschübe, oder gar Mieterlasse gehören nicht zum klassischen Regelwerk von Monopoly.

Vielen Dank!

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